About Gozo

History

Gozo has been inhabited since 5000 BC, when farmers from nearby Sicily crossed the sea to the island. Due to similar pottery found in both places from the Ghar Dalam phase, it has been suggested that the first colonists were specifically from the area of Agrigento; however, it is currently indeterminate exactly which part of Sicily the farmers came from. They are thought to have first lived in caves on the outskirts of what is now known as Saint Lawrence.

Gozo was an important place for cultural evolution and during the neolithic period the Ggantija temples were built; they are the world's oldest free-standing structures, as well as the world's oldest religious structures.  The temples' name is Maltese for "belonging to the giants", because legend in Maltese and Gozitan folklore says the temples were built by giants.  Another important Maltese archaeological site in Gozo, which dates back to the neolithic period, is the Xaghra Stone Circle. Also, native tradition and certain ancient Greek historians (notably Euhemerus and Callimachus) maintain that Gozo is in fact the island Homer described as Ogygia, home of the nymph Calypso.

In July 1551 Ottomans under Turgut Reis and Sinan Pasha invaded and ravaged Gozo and enslaved most of its inhabitants, about 5000, bringing them to Tarhuna Wa Msalata in Libya, their departure port in Gozo was Mgarr ix-Xini. The island of Gozo was repopulated between 1565 and 1580 by people from mainland Malta, undertaken by the Knights of Malta.

The history of Gozo is strongly coupled with the history of Malta, since Gozo has been governed by Malta throughout history, with the brief exception of a period of autonomy granted to Gozo by Napoleon after his conquest of Malta, between 28 October 1798 and 5 September 1800.

The Gozo Civic Council was set up as a statutory local Government in the island of Gozo on 14 April 1961, the first experiment in civil local government in Malta since the French occupation of 1798-1800.  The law authorised the Council to raise taxes, although it never actually made use of this power.  In 1971 the Labour Party was voted into office.  

As its support in Gozo was weak and it favoured a more centralised administration it proposed a referendum on the abolishment of the Council putting emphasis on the unpopular possibility of it raising taxes.  In the Gozo Civic Council referendum, 1973, the overwhelming majority of voters (76.97%) voting for the abolition of the Gozo Civic Council.

In the mid-1980s attempts were made to set up a Gozo committee, chaired by the Prime Minister and with the Gozitan Members of Parliament as members.  However, it was only in 1987 that the Ministry of Gozo was set up (demoted to a Parliamentary Secretariat between 1996 and 1998).  Local government in the Gozitan localities was restored with the introduction of Local councils in 1993 with Gozo having 14 councils.

Ggantija Temples

Demography

As of March 2015, the island has a population of around 37,342, all of Malta combined has 445,000, and its inhabitants are known as Gozitans.

Geography

Gozo is 67 km in size, which is approximately the same size as Manhattan.  It lies approximately 6 km northwest of the nearest point of Malta, is of oval form, and is 14 km in length and 7.25 km in width.  Gozo is famed for its character and places of interest.

Some of these include the Calypso cave and the Ggantija Neolithic temples which are among the oldest surviving man-made structures.

Gozo's finest beaches are San Blas and the stunning Ramla Bay, with brilliant orange-red sand and clear turquoise waters.

Culture and Traditions

Gozo is also much known for carnival and during that weekend both Locals and Foreign people visit the island to experience Gozo’s unique carnival especially in the village of Nadur.  Many locals dress up in colourful and also outrageous costumes with the intention of not being recognised.

Feasts are also a very important tradition on the island with celebrations including fireworks and bands every weekend in the summer season.

A number of Maltese dishes or variants of these dishes are associated with Gozo.  Gozo is particularly known for its local cheeselet.

Lace Making

Connection to Malta Island

Currently the island can be reached by ferry boat.  Passenger and car ferries cross on a regular basis between the port of Mgarr on Gozo and Cirkewwa on Malta.  This service is used for goods, tourism and commuting (Gozitan students study at the University of Malta).  Due to its frequent use, residents of Gozo are able to use the ferry at a subsidised rate, significantly lower than the standard fare.

The connection between the two islands is heavily used. Around 1.1 million cars travel on the current transport links per year, and many more foot passengers.

Ecclesiastical History

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Gozo (in Latin Goulos-Gaudisiensis), comprises the Island of Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea (seventeen miles west of the harbour of Valletta, Malta) and islet of Comino. On a central plateau the Citadel fortifications contain the cathedral church and several public buildings. To the south of the castle lies the island's main town whose origins go back to prehistoric times. The town contains several public buildings the most important of which is St George's basilica.  This magnificent basilica lies on the site where the earliest evidence of Christianity was discovered.

Up to the year 1864, Gozo formed part of the Diocese of Malta, but Pius IX, acceding to the repeated prayer of the clergy and the people, erected it into a separate exempt diocese, i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See.  On 16 March 1863, Monsignor Francesco Michele Butigieg, a native of Gozo, was appointed titular Bishop of Lita and deputy auxiliary of the Archbishop-Bishop of Malta, for the Island of Gozo.  He was consecrated at Rome on 3 May of the same year, on 22 September 1864, was created first bishop of the new Diocese of Gozo, and on the 23rd day of the following month made his solemn entry into the new cathedral.  Through the efforts of Mgr. Pietro Pace, who was then vicar-general of the diocese, a diocesan seminary was established on the site formerly occupied by the San Giuliano Hospital, the revenues of which were appropriated to the new institution. This seminary was inaugurated 3 November 1866, and by the express desire of Pope Pius IX placed under the direction of the Jesuits.

On the death of Mgr. Butigieg, Father Micallef, Superior General of the Augustinian Order, was made Bishop of Citt? di Castello and appointed administrator of the Diocese of Gozo.  He left Gozo in May, 1867, and in 1871 became Archbishop of Pisa.  His successor to the administration of the diocese was Mgr. Antonio Grech Delicata, titular Bishop of Chalcedon, a native of Malta, who in 1868 was appointed Bishop of Gozo, and as such assisted at the First Vatican Council.  Mgr. Grech Delicata's charity towards the poor went so far that he divested himself of his own patrimony. This worthy prelate died on the last day of the year 1876.

On 12 March 1877, Mgr. Canon Professor Pietro Pace, native of Gozo, was appointed to succeed Mgr. Grech Delicata, and was consecrated at Rome by Cardinal Howard.  Under his administration the seminary was augmented by the installation of a meteorological observatory, which was inaugurated by the celebrated Padre Denza, Director of the Vatican Observatory.  During this administration an episcopal educational institute for girls was also established, under the care of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul, to whom was also entrusted the direction of the annexed orphan asylum. The same bishop provided the diocese with a new episcopal palace and new monasteries, besides laying out large sums of money on the cathedral.

In 1889, Mgr. Pace was promoted Archbishop of Rhodes and Bishop of Malta.  His successor in the See of Gozo was the Reverend G. M. Camilleri, O.S.A., a native of Valletta (b. 15 March 1842).  Under Mgr. Camilleri's administration the first diocesan synod was celebrated, in October, 1903.  This synod was of absolute necessity, as the diocese was still governed under the rules of the Synod of Malta of 1703, and consequently lacked a safe guide adapted to the times. Constitutions and decrees were also promulgated and published which gave new life to the working of the diocese.

The cathedral church of Gozo was built in 1697-1703, by Lorenzo Gafa. Its ground plan is in the form of a Latin cross. The Cathedral is also the annual pilgrimage site of the Grand Priory of the Mediterranean of the Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.  Its interior is adorned with fine paintings.  The "Massagiere di Maria", an Italian periodical, is recognized in the Diocese of Gozo as the official organ of the sanctuary of the Bl. Virgin ta Pinu.

Currently the Bishop of Gozo is Mgr. Mario Grech.

Traditional Food

In spite of its small size, Gozo has a surprising abundance of historical sites, coastal towers, churches, as well as one of the archipelago's best-preserved prehistoric temples. Even tiny Comino has its own unique sites of historical significance or natural beauty to offer.

The list below includes some of the major places of interest on Gozo and Comino. It is by no means exhaustive, as the curious traveller will surely discover.

World Heritage Sites

Megalithic Temples of Ggantija

Museums

Cathedral Museum - Citadel, Victoria
Folklore Museum - Citadel, Victoria
Museum of Archaeology - Citadel, Victoria
Natural Science Museum - Citadel, Victoria
The Old Prison - Citadel, Victoria
Folklore Museum - Gharb
Maritime Museum - Nadur
Museum of Toys - Xaghra
Ta' Kola Windmill - Xaghra

Churches and Religious Sites

St George's Basilica
Ta'Pinu National Shrine
The Cathedral
Xewkija Church

Ta'Pinu National Shrine

Fortifications and Towers

Comino Tower
De Redin Coastal Towers
Fort Chambrai
Kenuna Tower
The Citadel

Theatres

Astra Theatre - Victoria
Aurora Opera House - Victoria

Cinemas

Citadel Cinema - Victoria

Sports and Activities

Gozo Sports Complex
Gozo Stadium

Local Crafts

Ta' Dbiegi Crafts Village

Cultural Attractions

Gozo 360

Natural Attractions

Calypso's Cave
Ninu's Cave
The Inland Sea
Xerri's Grotto

Film Locations

Blue Lagoon - Comino
Ramla Bay
The Citadel

Cathedral Museum

The Gozo Cathedral Museum has more than 2000 items on display, including the Cathedral’s archives, magnificent paintings, clerical vestments and a silver vault. Among the paintings are several by well-known local artists: Giuseppe Hyzler, Michele Busetti and Tommaso Medion.

Constructed between 1697 and 1711, the Cathedral is a fine Baroque structure in the form of the Latin cross and is built entirely from the local limestone. The sanctuary was built on the plans of the Maltese architect, Lorenzo Gafa.

A tall belfry with five bells at the back of the Cathedral replaces the more traditional and common two belfries at the front, while a 1739 painting on the interior of the temple gives the impression of a dome, when in reality the roof of the building is flat.

Another attraction of the Cathedral is the statue of Santa Marija (The Assumption of Our Lady), which was undertaken in Rome in 1897.

Folklore Museum

The Folklore Museum exhibits a wide range of items depicting the domestic, rural and traditional ways of life of the Maltese and Gozitans in past centuries.

The exhibits displayed on the ground floor levels relate to rural trades and skills, such as agriculture and stone-masonry. Various traditional agricultural implements, including sickles, spades, winnowing forks, shovels and ploughs, together with a selection of grinding mills are on display.

There are also traditional stone-dressing tools, as well as a large selection of tools used by carpenters and blacksmiths. The mezzanine floor exhibits domestic Gozitan crafts, such as lace making, weaving and bookbinding.

The first floor exhibits items relating to hobbies such as hunting, as well as the modelling of miniature churches, replete with religious accessories. There is also an interesting selection of traditional costumes, a collection of elaborately worked clay statuettes, an ex-voto collection and a number of furniture items.

Folklore Museum

Museum of Archaeology

The Gozo Museum of Archaeology illustrates the cultural history of Gozo from prehistoric times to the early modern period.

The ground floor is devoted to the Neolithic Period, the Temple Period and the Bronze Age (5200–700BC), exhibiting a selection of decorated potsherds, pottery vessels, stone and bone implements and pendants from various settlements and tombs. The Bronze Age section displays a group of miniature clay containers and a decorated double-pot, as well as some fragmented clay votive anchors.

The first floor is devoted to the Phoenician, Punic, Roman, Medieval, and Knights’ periods. The collections on display include jewellery, coins, marble statues, inscriptions, oil lamps and part of a limestone olive-pipper.

The collection also includes a number of inscriptions, the oldest carved in Punic characters during the second century BC to commemorate the building and restoration of sanctuaries.

Natural Science Museum

Situated behind the law courts at the Citadel of Victoria, Gozo, the Natural Science Museum is situated in an old house, the origins of which may date back to the Aragonese period.

The geology on exhibits includes marine organisms deposited on the sea floor between 35 and 5 million years ago, as well as fragments of fossil bones from Ice Age elephants and hippopotami. The centrepiece is a selection of stalactites and stalagmites from Gozitan caves. Two other sections on this floor are dedicated to human and animal evolution as well as marine life.

The second floor exhibits an ornithology display; a small collection of stuffed and mounted birds, the majority of which are migratory and most of which are now legally protected species. The entomology room holds a small but impressive collection of exotic insects, butterflies and moths.

The last display is dedicated to the flora and ecosystems of the Maltese Islands, particularly of Gozo.

The Old Prison

The Old Prison is situated at the Citadel, overlooking Cathedral Square and adjacent to the law courts, to which it was originally connected.

In its present form, the prison complex is divided into two sections: the entrance hall, which served as a common cell in the 19th century and a freestanding block with six individual cells. The prison was in use from the mid 16th century until the beginning of the 20th century.

Soon after their arrival in Malta, the Knights of St John started making use of this prison by dispatching their rowdier members ‘to cool down therein’.

The individual cells, next to a central courtyard and surrounded by a narrow corridor, are still well preserved, almost in their original state. The walls of the cells and corridors in the old prison are covered with graffiti, which is the largest collection of historical graffiti in one single place on the Islands.

Gharb Folklore Museum

The Gharb Folklore Museum is a privately owned unique early 18th century historical house with 28 rooms. A tour of these rooms gives the visitor a glimpse of times gone by with exhibits such as the miller's room, an antique press room, a carpenter's workshop and a myriad of other memories from Gozo's past. The Gharb Folklore Museum (found at Pjazza Zjara tal-Madonna) is a private owned museum found in the core of the village. Its 28 rooms are full of all kind of antique tools and artifacts. It is really worth visiting.

Maritime Museum

The privately owned Kelinu Grima Maritime Museum has a myriad of exhibits, among which one can find rare and priceless articles such as authenticated pieces of timber from Lord Nelson's ship "HMS Victory", the "Constitution", which was the first US warship, as well as one of Lord Mountbatten's gold epualettes which he wore during the period of duty in the Meditarrenean.

The hundreds of exhibits in the museum were painstakingly and laboriously collected by Kelinu Grima, a one time primary school teacher, who spent something like 65 years collecting maritime memorabilia. The extent of the collection, which includes models, uniforms, photographs and vessel parts, may be gauged by well over 300 vessel crests that adorn the museum walls.

Museum of Toys

This small privately owned museum in Xaghra was originally set up by Susan Lowe in Devon, England in the 1970's. It started with one doll and today it boasts toys from all around the world. The name Pomzkizillious comes from Edward Lear who made up this word to describe the coastal scenery of Gozo while visiting the Island in 1866. (Edward Lear is a world famous illustrator of natural history books, writer & illustrator of children's verse and a landscape painter who visited Malta on many occasions).

The earliest objects on display are a late 18th century Maltese Doll with carved wooden head and some Italian Presepio and figurines dating from 1790's. Among other attractions there is a 1930's Noah's Ark, a "Hornby" Train Set and Edwin's "Dinky" vehicles, a pressed paper "Hunting Scene" & "Zoo" which have survived over 100 years and a set of soldiers made in the 1970's but dressed in the uniform of the Swedish Army in 1700's. A scarce set of unmarked Lead Cricketers and other lead toys including Zoo & Farm Animals, Cowboys & Indians, Aeroplanes, Ships & Soldiers and an Ambulance Set about 1890's are also on display. One can also see some optical toys, 1790's dolls, soft toys made by Steiff, Lenci and Kathe Kruse, and a few clockwork tin toys from the 1920/30's (Schuco & Lehmann).

Ta’ Kola Windmill

The Ta’ Kola windmill is a step back in time to the trade of the miller and a fine example of the rural economy and domestic life of Gozo in centuries past.

Built in 1725 and named after the miller who lived and worked here (in Maltese ‘mithna’ means windmill and ta’ Kola means ‘of Nicholas’ – Nicholas’ Windmill). The mill consists of a rectangular building that incorporates a circular tower some 15 metres high. Of the twelve windmills built by the Knights, only the Ta’ Kola windmill in Gozo still remains in good working condition. The windmill is now available to show visitors how these mills worked.

The Museum also houses a wide range of tools, some of which were originally manufactured by the owners of the mill. On the first floor, the living quarters of the miller have been recreated using traditional furniture and items related to Gozitan crafts, such as weaving and lace making.

St George's Basilica

The parish originated in medieval times (definitely before 1450) and the foundation stone of the present church was laid in 1672, rightly referred to as the marble basilica, as it is entirely covered with marble.

The bronze and gold gilded canopy over the high altar is indeed impressive, but the main attraction is a statue of the patron saint, St. George, sculpted in wood by Pawlu Azzopardi in 1838. It is the first titular statue acquired by a parish church in Gozo.

All paintings in the dome and ceiling are by Giovanni Battista Conti of Rome. Mattia Preti, Giuseppe Cali, Michele Busuttil, Giuseppe Fenech, Francesco Zahra, Fortunato Venuti, Injazju Cortis, Ramiro Cali', Filippo Cosimo, Giuseppe D'Arena, Salvatore Bondi', Roberto Dingli and Stefano Erardi are other famous artists.

The liturgical feast of St. George Martyr falls on April 23rd.

St George's Basilica

Ta' Pinu National Shrine

Ta’ Pinu National Shrine is the most famous place of pilgrimage for the Maltese Islanders. Its origins go back to a day in June in 1883, when a woman heard the voice of the Virgin Mary in an old chapel. In the following years, many miracles and acts of grace were manifested at the site.

Many believe that the prayers said in the chapel saved Gozo from the plague, which had stricken Malta at that time. The locals therefore decided to build a larger and more magnificent church on the site in honour of the Blessed Virgin. Funds were raised from Gozitans, including those living abroad and works on the new church began in 1920, with voluntary labour from the local community.

In 1931, Ta’ Pinu was consecrated and a year later Pope Pius XI raised it to the status of Basilica. The original 16th century chapel was fully integrated into the new church.

The Cathedral

The Citadel’s fine Baroque Cathedral is a masterpiece designed by Lorenzo Gafa’, the Maltese Architect who was responsible for the magnificent Cathedral of Mdina. The site on which it stands may well have been that of the Roman Temple of Juno, mentioned by Cicero in his writings.

Its floor is made up of a mosaic of marble tombstones and ecclesiastical emblems, while its ceiling has a remarkable trompe l'oeil painting, depicting the interior of a dome that was never built.

Xewkija Church

The Rotunda dedicated to St. John the Baptist is Xewkija's distinctive landmark and parish church. Tourists and visitors flock year round to visit the church and its attractions. Its elegant dome, 75 metres high, with a 28-metre diameter, and a circumference of 85 metres, is the third largest unsupported dome in the world. The interior is richly decorated with fine sculptures and modern paintings. The floor is in polished Carrara marble and the main altar is also carved in precious marble. The church was built in replacement of an older church, parts of which were faithfully reconstructed using the original stones and can be viewed at the rear of the Rotunda. The church was built from Maltese stone by local masons and craftsmen and completed in 1971.

Comino Tower

The Santa Marija Tower on Comino forms part of the early system of towers which the Order set up to facilitate defence and communication between the Cittadella in Gozo and Mdina. It later became a key location of the system of towers built along the coast. The decision to build this Tower was taken by Grand Master Alof de Wignacourt in 1618, and was financed by the Grand Master himself, by the sale of the brushwood on the island and from the profits made by the resettled farmers. The site chosen was some eighty metres above sea level. The walls of the Tower are about six metres thick. The Tower is surrounded by a thick, high rubble wall made of loose stones, which gave the impression that the Tower was surrounded by a ditch. During the British period the Tower was important for the protection of the anchorage and communications between Gozo and Malta, together with Fort St Agatha and Fort Chambrai. It was during this period that the internal fabric of the Tower was significantly changed, and it seems likely that it was used as an isolation hospital at some point, while the lower chamber was converted into a stable for animals. . Din l-Art Helwa has decided to thoroughly restore Santa Marija Tower and to preserve this historical monument and unique landmark situated in beautiful countryside with some spectacular views for enjoyment by all. This project is being sponsored by the Malta Maritime Authority and may take up to three years.

Comino Tower

De Redin Coastal Towers

The coastal towers were built during a span of sixty years and can be easily classified into two distinct groups that reflect two separate concepts of coastal defence strategy. The first group were massive squarish towers fitted with heavy pieces of artillery and garrisoned by a sizable detachment of regular troops. These large towers were built not only to guard the major bays susceptible to invasion but were also expected to engage the disembarking enemy with their powerful guns while their garrisons were required to harass and reconnoitre the enemy.

In the period between 1620 and 1649 the Knights had also introduced a much smaller type of coastal tower intended to serve solely as a permanent lookout post rather than as an isolated stronghold. The new watch-towers built during the rule of Grand Master Lascaris, but paid for by the Universita, were intended to fulfil a clear-cut role, enabling the Order's engineers to standardize and perfect their design from the elongated Lippia-type watch-tower to the more squattish example at Wied iz-Zurrieq. The latter was to serve as a blue-print for the chain of thirteen watch-towers built by Grand Master De Redin and designed to relay warning signals all the way to Valletta. The limiting factors that had determined the reduction in the size of the coastal towers and the change in their role were basically ones of manpower - the Order did not have the manpower to post large detachments of troops at every possible landing place. These lessons were soon to be forgotten in the beginning of the 18th century when the Knights again embarked upon the fortification of every bay and inlet around the island, when batteries, redoubts and coastal entrenchments were then the new order of the day.

Fort Chambray

Fort Chambray was built in 1794 at the expense of the Baillif Jacques Francoise de Chambrai and was intended to be the new fortified city of Gozo. As time went by the fear of corsair raids diminished significantly and people started inhabiting villages. Consequently the city was never built and the fortifications were then used to house soldier barracks and later a mental hospital. At present Fort Chambray is being converted into a tourist resort.

Kenuna Tower

Located on a high ridge on the outskirts of the village of Nadur, this tower was built in 1848 and served as a telegraph link between Malta and Gozo and not as a fort.

Recently, Kenuna tower was completely restored and the surrounding area was landscaped to create a garden which includes a variety of local plants and shrubs. This location also provides one of the most magnificent views of the Maltese Islands.

The Citadel

The Citadel in Gozo owes its roots to the late medieval era, but the hill has been settled since Neolithic times. After the Great Siege of 1565, the Knights set about re-fortifying it to provide refuge and defence against further attack. Until 1637, the Gozitan population was required by law to spend their nights within the Citadel for their own safety. In later, more peaceful times, this restriction was lifted and people settled below its walls, creating the prosperous town of Rabat, now known as Victoria.

Astra Theatre

Inaugurated in 1968, the Astra Theatre (or Teatru Astra) offers a number of important cultural activities throughout the season on Gozo, most notably opera and its annual Festival Mediterranea.

Local talent is extensively featured and encouraged while visiting companies and a number of international artistes have, at one time or other, performed on the Astra stage.

Aurora Opera House

A large theatre renowned for excellent operas; it also stages drama and other events.

Ta' Dbiegi Crafts Village

Local crafts such as handmade lace, hand-knitted cotton or woolen sweaters and blown glass are sold at the Ta’ Dbiegi Crafts Village, found in the village of Gharb.

Gozo 360

The Gozo 360 is a spectacular 25 minute sound and vision experience that brings the Island of Gozo to life. This show concentrates on this little island in the sun , on the fascinating history, crafts and culture. It gives a glimpse of Gozo's past and an insight into Gozo of today. The show is being offered in nine different languages.

Calypso's Cave

This cave is situated in a cliff face, a short distance from Xaghra and overlooks the red sands of Ramla Bay. This cave is assumed to be the cave referred to by Homer in `The Odyssey' where Calypso, the beautiful nymph kept Odysseus as a `prisoner of love' for seven years. The cave's interior and exterior are not too impressive but the magnificent views are worth it.

Ninu's Cave

Ninu's Cave, is an underground cave in Xaghra. Discovered in 1888, this cave has strange yet colourful alabaster stalactites and stalagmites.

The cave is 24 metres long and reaches 18 metres in width and is located within private premises, to the left of the church and visitors are shown around by a family guide.

The Inland Sea

The Inland Sea is an inland lagoon in Dwejra, and is perhaps the archipelago's most spectacular natural landmark. The Inland Sea, and Dwejra Bay itself, were created millions of years ago when two limestone caves collapsed. The shallow inland lagoon is linked to the sea via a 100 metre cave in the cliff. On calm days, small fishing boats carry visitors out to sea through this tunnel, in order to see Fungus Rock and the Azure Window. The sea is used by fishermen and bathers, and is also a very popular diving spot. Overlooking the lagoon is the Chapel of St Anne, built in 1963 on the site of a much older church.

Xerri's Grotto

Discovered in 1923, this cave is known for its strange and colourful alabaster stalactites and stalagmites. The Grotto is to be found at a depth of 9 meters and the entrance is via a spiral stone staircase. The owners normally give a quick tour pointing out the unusual geological forms created over the millennia. Part of the excavations was carried out during the Second World War when the owning family used the cave as an air raid shelter.

Blue Lagoon

On Comino are the sheltered, dazzlingly blue waters of this small inlet, which has appeared on screen many times, most recently for a diving scene featuring Madonna in Swept Away and a spearfishing scene set in ancient times for the mini-series Helen of Troy. Boat trips from Gozo and Malta to Comino enable you to take a dip in the lagoon. Also on Comino is St Mary’s Tower, which is featured in The Count of Monte Cristo.

Ramla Bay

One of Gozo’s most beautiful and peaceful beaches, the golden sands of Ramla Bay were the location for one of the most dramatic moments in the BBC’s biographical drama Byron, for a scene showing the flaming funeral pyre of the poet Shelley.

Cittadella

This late medieval, hilltop citadel, which encloses a number of historic buildings and offers an unforgettable view of Gozo, has been a popular screen location, most recently for the BBC’s Byron, in which it doubles for a fort in Greece, 1811.

Cittadella

One of the joys of being in Gozo and Comino is that, no matter where you are, you're never far from one of the many magnificent beaches or secluded little coves.

There is a choice of both sandy and rocky beaches on the Islands, offering practical areas for the family, scenic spots for the romantics, serene areas for those in want of peace and spots for those who are interested in a bit of summer sports fun.

The following are some of the most popular:

GOZO

• Dahlet Qorrot
• Dwejra
• Hondoq Ir-Rummien
• Marsalforn
• Mgarr ix-Xini
• Qbajjar
• Ramla Bay
• San Blas
• Wied il-Ghasri
• Xlendi Bay

COMINO

• Blue Lagoon
• Santa Maria Bay
• St. Nicholas Bay

Swimming

The Maltese coastal waters are generally clean and safe for swimming as there are no tides.  Some bays are exposed to north and north-easterly winds which do produce some strong undercurrents at times.  

Useful Tip: The Maltese Islands' beaches and seas are safe, however if you are new to the Maltese Islands, swim where the locals do.

Sun Bathing

The Maltese Archipelago lies virtually at the centre of the Mediterranean and has a latitude more southerly than that of northern Tunisia.  You are therefore advised to take precautions to ensure you avoid over exposure to the sun.  

Even in winter it is advisable to wear a suitable factor sunscreen for your skin type.  This is important if you are out walking, or taking part in water sports.  A sun hat is a must. Children and especially babies need extra protection from the sun.  If you are sunbathing, it is advisable to avoid the strongest sunlight between the hours of 11am and 3pm in peak summer months.

Dahlet Qorrot

This is a tiny picturesque fishing cove and a tranquil, isolated spot on the north-east coast below Nadur and Qala.  The bay is a popular local beauty spot.  The craggy coastline and clear waters are perfect for snorkelling.  The bay is still used by local fishermen: a few boathouses line the shore. The ledges and small caves double up as shade areas.  There is a snack-bar facility in the summer only. In winter, you will find the bay the perfect spot to sit and read, watch the waves and enjoy solitude.

Dwejra

Dwejra is perhaps the archipelago's most spectacular natural landmark.  Here, geology, time and sea have worked together to produce some of the most remarkable scenery on the Islands - The Inland Sea, Fungus Rock, sheer cliffs and a rocky coastline yielding fossilised remains of sea creatures dating from the Miocene period. Apart from the topography visible above sea and ground, there are also some fascinating underwater caves which provide excellent dive sites. The Inland Sea, and Dwejra Bay itself, were created millions of years ago when two limestone caves collapsed. The shallow inland lagoon is linked to the sea via a 50-metre cave. The `Sea' is used by fishermen, swimmers and as access point for divers. Overlooking the lagoon is the Chapel of St Anne, built in 1963 on the site of a much older church. The other natural landmark here is the legendary Fungus Rock.

Dwejra

Hondoq ir-Rummien

The coastline below the village of Qala is dotted with traditional salt pans, some of which are still actively used to `harvest' salt throughout the summer months. On this coast is a small cove, Hondoq ir-Rummien, which is popular with snorkellers because of its deep and clear water and the small caves at water level. Access to the sea is from bathing ladders. The cove has good views over Comino.

Marsalforn

Marsalforn, meaning 'bakery harbour', is Gozo's main seaside town. During the summer, it becomes a bustling, lively resort. There is a small but pleasant sandy bank on the harbour with safe bathing and good rocky coastline towards Qbajjar which is excellent for snorkelling. The resort has a good range of accommodation from seafront self-catering apartments to hotels. Marsalforn is characterised by its harbour-side cafes and restaurants, many serving fresh fish. The small harbour is the main port for a fleet of traditional 'luzzijiet' trawlers and smaller fishing boats. The beauty of Marsalforn is its relaxed atmosphere, even in the height of summer.

Mgarr ix-Xini

Limits of Xewkija (Gozo). A small , picturesque bay within a creek and a steep sided valley. No facilities, but good for snorkelling.

Qbajjar

Located in the seaside resort of Marsalforn, il-Qbajjar is a pebbly beach with several spots for swimming off the rocks to its left and right. Just round the corner from Qbajjar are the salt pans, carved out of the rocks centuries ago for the collection and production of salt.

Ramla Bay

Ramla is Gozo's largest sandy bay and one of the most beautiful on the Maltese Islands. The beach here is of a deep, reddish-gold hue. The bay is surrounded by countryside and nestles below steep terraced hills and the mythical Calypso's Cave. There are no hotels or tourist developments nearby, but the beach side has several snack bars and cafes. The beach has its own landmark - a white statue of the Virgin Mary. Ramla is a superb spot to while away the hours - even in peak summer months, there always seems to be space on beach. In winter, you can find yourself alone. The area is excellent walking country. Swimming here is safe and the waters are clear and clean. There are some smooth, underwater boulders a few metres out in the central strip, but these are easily negotiated. On windy days, white surf rolling on the sand is an added attraction and fun for young bathers. The best approach to the bay is from Nadur or Xaghra, down a bamboo-lined valley. The road from Marsalforn, via Calypso's Cave, is rather steep and rough though it is passable by car. Of historical interest in the bay are some Roman ruins burried under the sand near the present-day cafes, and a 'fougasse' - a kind of primative mortar developed by the Knights which was fired from a rock-cut shaft to defend the bay during the 18th century.

Ramla Bay

San Blas

San Blas is a tiny, rocky bay set in secluded countryside tucked below steep terraced hills on Gozo's north-east coast. It is a favourite spot for snorkelling and picnics. There are no facilities here, and only a small parking area with room for a couple of cars. The best way to approach San Blas is perhaps on foot, around 20-30 minutes, from Nadur. The fertile valley leading down to San Blas and the neighbouring inlet, Dahlet Qorrot, was a favourite hunting ground of the knights. One of their coastal towers, Ta' Sopu (1667), stands on the headland.

Wied il-Ghasri

Wied il-Ghasri has its source at Dbiegi Hill. It winds its way through Ghasri between Zebbug and Giordan Hill and flows into the sea between very high impressive cliffs. Wied il-Ghasri is very popular with divers who like to explore the surrounding underwater caves.

The very narrow bay is a haven for those who seek a quiet bathing area. A very interesting spot in this place is a cave close to the shore in which a shaft was hewn up to the top of the steep cliffs. A mill made up of several pails used to be rigged up in order to bring up the sea water to fill the neighbouring saltpans.

Xlendi Bay

The delightful sea inlet, known as Xlendi Bay, lies at the end of a deep, lush ravine which was a river bed. Until the mid 20th century, Xlendi was a small fishing port and a restful summer resort for a few locals and Maltese. The bay is now on the must-visit list of most day-trippers to the Island, but it is worthwhile lingering a night or two to enjoy the sunsets. The Bay still retains a peaceful atmosphere and is surprisingly undeveloped though there is a good choice of accommodation from apartments to hotels; most options have sea views. Xlendi is flanked by steep cliff. For some of the best views, climb the stairs up the cliffs to the right. Bathing in Xlendi is usually off the rocks along the bay with access down ladder into the deep crystal clear water. On the left side of the bay, two tiers of pathways provide ample space for both a walkway and a flat space to spread out a towel and sunbathe. On the promontory is Xlendi Tower, built in 1650. It commands superb sea views and stand on a scenic coastline pitted with hand-dug salt pans.

Blue Lagoon

The tiny isle of Comino, only 3.5 sqr kms, is the perfect hideaway. Named after the cumin herb once grown here, Comino is the perfect retreat - carefree and car-free. Comino has been put to different uses over the centuries by the Islands' various rulers. It was inhabited in the Roman period, but did not have much significance until the Knights arrived. It then had a dual role as a hunting and recreational ground and as part of the coastal watch tower defence of the Islands. The Islands' main attraction today is the Blue Lagoon, a sheltered inlet of shimmering aquamarine water. It is a popular day trip for cruises. The Lagoon together with the isle's other bays - St Mary's and St Nicholas' - with their crystal clear waters make Comino the ideal choice for most kinds of water sports, especially diving and snorkelling. Comino is worth a visit all year round. In winter, it is ideal for walkers and photographers. With the clear warm seas, water sports enthusiasts will find Comino's only beach hotel offers a full range of water sports and amenities.

Blue Lagoon

Santa Maria Bay

The tiny isle of Comino, only 3.5 sqr kms, is the perfect hideaway. Named after the cumin herb once grown here, Comino is the perfect retreat - carefree and car-free. Comino has been put to different uses over the centuries by the Islands' various rulers. It was inhabited in the Roman period, but did not have much significance until the Knights arrived. It then had a dual role as a hunting and recreational ground and as part of the coastal watch tower defence of the Islands. The Islands' main attraction today is the Blue Lagoon, a sheltered inlet of shimmering aquamarine water. It is a popular day trip for cruises. The Lagoon together with the isle's other bays - St Mary's and St Nicholas' - with their crystal clear waters make Comino the ideal choice for most kinds of water sports, especially diving and snorkelling. Comino is worth a visit all year round. In winter, it is ideal for walkers and photographers. With the clear warm seas, water sports enthusiasts will find Comino's only beach hotel offers a full range of water sports and amenities.

Santa Maria Bay

St. Nicholas Bay

The tiny isle of Comino, only 3.5 sqr kms, is the perfect hideaway. Named after the cumin herb once grown here, Comino is the perfect retreat - carefree and car-free. Comino has been put to different uses over the centuries by the Islands' various rulers. It was inhabited in the Roman period, but did not have much significance until the Knights arrived. It then had a dual role as a hunting and recreational ground and as part of the coastal watch tower defence of the Islands. The Islands' main attraction today is the Blue Lagoon, a sheltered inlet of shimmering aquamarine water. It is a popular day trip for cruises. The Lagoon together with the isle's other bays - St Mary's and St Nicholas' - with their crystal clear waters make Comino the ideal choice for most kinds of water sports, especially diving and snorkelling. Comino is worth a visit all year round. In winter, it is ideal for walkers and photographers. With the clear warm seas, water sports enthusiasts will find Comino's only beach hotel offers a full range of water sports and amenities.

San Blas Bay

The three Islands that make up the Maltese Archipelago - Malta, the largest; Gozo, the mythical isle of Calypso; and tiny Comino, famous for its Blue Lagoon - form a very special diving site at the heart of the Mediterranean. The Islands invite you to discover their natural harbours, bays, sheltered creeks, cliffs, reefs and wrecks. The waters here are some of the most limpid and clear in the world. Visibility is excellent down to around 30 metres. So Malta is a dream destination for underwater photography. Marine life flourishes in a vibrant display of colours.

With dive sites just a stone's throw away from each other, you will be able to explore a variety of underwater worlds. We've listed some 36 of the best known dive sites ranging from labyrinthine caves to reefs and wartime wrecks. For more excitement, try a night dive or dive deeper to 30 or 40 metres. Colours appear almost fluorescent by torchlight. For the more experienced, these dives offer a unique adventure.

        •        Irqieqa Point, Comino
        •        Santa Maria Caves, Comino
        •        Reqqa Point, Ghasri, Gozo
        •        Dwejra Point, Dwejra, Gozo
        •        Mgarr ix-Xini, Gozo
        •        Xlendi Reef, Gozo
        •        Xlendi Cave, Gozo
        •        Fungus Rock, Gozo
        •        Crocodile Rock and Coral Cave, Gozo
        •        The Blue Hole and The Chimney, Gozo
        •        San Dimitri Point, Gozo
        •        Ghasri Valley, Gozo
        •        Double Arch Reef, Gozo
        •        Xatt l-Ahmar, Gozo
        •        Fessej Rock, Gozo
        •        Il-Kantra, Gozo
        •        Cominotto Reef, Gozo
        •        Lantern Point, Comino
        •        Billinghurst Cave, Gozo

Irqieqa Point, Comino

A thin of land on the southwestern tip of Comino with a sheer drop-off to 40 metres. The water is clear and the cold currents support large shoals of sardines and bogue that are preyed upon by amber-jacks, dentex and, sometimes, tuna. The boulder strewn depths reveal families of bream and brown meagre.  Maximum depth - 50 metres.

Santa Maria Caves, Comino

This is an ideal second dive location for those who have made the boat trip to Comino and want an interesting shallow location. The caves are very pretty and for the underwater photographer the possibilities are endless. Octopus, moray eels, small groupers and countless small fish make this a relaxing dive.  Maximum depth - 20 metres.

Reqqa Point, Ghasri

This is the northernmost tip of Gozo. The beach road is rough, the entry is tricky with a strong swell, but it is a fantastic dive. The reef consists of a parapet at a depth of 30 metres and then a drop to 60 metres. However, there is an excellent vantage point at 15 metres. Here one is literally in a cloud of small fish feeding on the nutrient-rich waters. Large shoals of dentex have feeding frenzies, groupers are large and plentiful. Adding to this, there are large caves and deep water.  Maximum depth - 60 metres.

Dwejra Point, Dwejra

Dwejra is one of the most spectacular dive sites in Malta, with deep water (60 metres) and many caves and arches. The most dramatic is the 35 metre long tunnel that opens from the Inland Sea to the open sea, where the bottom drops suddenly. The clear waters and depths can be deceptive. This dive is the right place for divers looking for the abundant marine life.  Maximum depth - 60 metres.

Santa Maria Caves

Mgarr ix-Xini

Mgarr ix-Xini is a prohibited dive site and the Ta' Cenc cliffs do not offer an entry point. Consequently one must get into the water from the Ta' Cenc Hotel's private beach. The cliff continues underwater to a depth of 30 metres where it gives way to large boulders. These provide ample hiding places for groupers. This dive site is very popular with photographers due to a variety of species of fish, from gurnard, stargazers and even seahorses. There is also a cave, inside which one can surface.  Maximum depth - 60 metres.

Xlendi Reef

Xlendi Reef is located in the middle of Xlendi Bay. Part of the reef forms a pinnacle, which reaches up to within a metre of the surface. The reef is covered with seaweed and small fish. One can also see large numbers of damselfish, small groups of grey mullets as well as various species of wrasses and seabreams. The base of the reef is littered with large boulders. The reef comes to an end below the steep cliffs.  Maximum depth - 25 metres.

Xlendi Cave

Xlendi Cave is found in Xlendi Bay. It is best to swim across the bay either on the surface on underwater. The maximum depth of this dive is 12 metres. The cave is a bent tunnel leading from one side to another of the rock wall. At the entrance of the cave floor one can see goatfish, damselfish and cardinalfish. The cave walls are brightly coloured with starfish, sponges, algae and bristle worms. Further on in the tunnel there are large boulders and it gets progressively shallower. Towards the end of the tunnel, the seabed is covered with smooth rocks and shingle.  Maximum depth - 12 metres.

Fungus Rock

Fungus Rock is a huge rock in Dwejra Bay, on the western coast of Gozo. Access is only by boat. The average depth is of 40 metres. This isolated rock has a hole running through its northern part. Underwater, the scenery is as impressive as above, with vertical walls, fissures, gulleys and caverns created by boulders, which provide excellent habitat for the largest groupers. Looking upwards, one can often see tuna, amberjacks and barracudas. The walls of the rock are covered in algae, sea urchins, tube worms, starfish, bristle worms and sea potatoes, with their brilliant red colour.  Maximum depth - 45 metres.

Crocodile Rock and Coral Cave

The crocodile-shaped rock is just offshore between Dwejra Point and Fungus rock. It can be reached both by boat or from the rocky shore. Heading westerly towards the left of the rock, one finds a square shute pointing towards the deeper water, revealing a steep cliff. The cliff drops vertically down to 38 metres, where the seabed is covered in boulders. In this area one can see groupers and shoals of salema. Keeping the cliff-face to the right, one will eventually reach the Coral Cave. This is a huge semi-circular opening with 20 metres across the sandy bottom, at a depth of around 22 metres. Within the cave, using a torch, one can see different types of coral sponges, virgin lace, and the quite rare marine goldfish.  Maximum depth - 45 metres.

Mgarr Ix-Xini

The Blue Hole and The Chimney

This site is located at the bottom of Dwejra Point. It is a shore dive, which is reached via a fairly difficult walk over rough coralline limestone, however steps have been carved into the rocks leading down to the Blue Hole. This is a natural rock formation carved out over the centuries by wind and waves which goes down to a depth of 26 metres. The hole is about one metre above sea level and and no more than 10 metres wide and 5 metres across. However, a few metres down, this gives way to unlimited access to the sea on exiting a huge archway. A large cave can also be found at the bottom of the hole. The Chimney is entered one diver at a time through a fissure in the almost vertical rock. This opens up at a depth of around 8 metres. Througout the dive, one can see various species of fish, starfish and bristle worms. This dive is perfect for photography.  Maximum depth - 50 metres.

San Dimitri Point

San Dimitri Point is at the most westerly point in Gozo. It is an imposing rock jutting out from the shore, and is only accessible by boat. The first part of the dive is quite gentle, after which one comes across a large boulder with smaller ones littering the seabed at a depth of about 30 metres. Throughout the dive one can come across large shoals of barracuda. Grouper, dentex and damselfish are also commonly seen, as well as octopus and moray eels.  Maximum depth - 50 metres.

Ghasri Valley

This dive site is located between Reqqa Point and Forna Point, on the North coast of Gozo. Ghasri Valley is a spectacular deep cut which widens as it reaches the sea. This dive site is also known as the Blue Dome or Cathedral Cave. This dive is ideal for all levels of divers. It commences on a shingle beach where the water is shallow, but becomes deeper at a maximum depth of 30 metres. The seabed is covered in anemones, and large boulders covered in algae, sea urchins and starfish. One can also sea damselfish, seabreams, and scorpionfish, and might even come across a seahorse. The cave itself is only 5 metres below surface and leads through a domed vault, where one can surface and breathe freely. The seabed of the cave is covered in boulders, but the most impressive part is the view to the outside ocean. Towards the end of the valley, at a depth of approximitely 20 metres, one can encounter octopus and groupers.  Maximum depth - 20 metres.

Double Arch Reef

This dive site is found a short distance to the east of Xwieni Bay, on the north coast of Gozo. It requires a 200 metre swim in a northerly direction, where a drop-off is reached. Nearby there are two distinctive holes through a vertical rock face, which are known as Double Arch Reef. The top of the rock is at a depth of 16 metres, whilst the rest goes down to a depth of 36 metres, with the lower arch being the larger of the two holes. On the way one encounters seagrass inhabited by cuttlefish, octopus and even the seahorse. Often a large shoal of of small barracuda can be seen in this area.  Maximum depth - 36 metres.

Xatt l-Ahmar

This site is a small bay southwest of Mgarr. Access is generally from the shore. The dive starts across a wide horizontal ledge, about 9 metres deep, which is covered with seaweed where sprats and sardines can be found. At the edge, the ledge drops down to around 22 metres, where the seabed is covered in boulders ranging from small ones to extremely large ones. These rocks apart from providing habitats for small octopus, goatfish, seambreams and more, also act as swimthroughs. Throughout the dive, one can also come across parrotfish, scorpionfish and shoals of damselfish. In 1999, the Gozo ferry boat, the Xlendi was sunk here, as an artificial reef.  Maximum depth - 30 metres.

The Blue Hole

Fessej Rock

This dive site is found offshore from the Mgarr ix-Xini inlet along the south shore near Mgarr Harbour. Fessej Rock is a tall, circular and vertical column of rock which rises about 15 metres (50 feet) above the water and plunges vertically 50 metres (165 feet) to the seabed, amidst a number of huge boulders. The average depth of the dive is of 30 metres (100 feet), and one encounters large schools of fish, tube worms and squat lobsters, dentex and amberjacks. Barracuda, tuna and grouper, as well as octopus and other lobster can be found on this dive.  Maximum depth - 50 metres.

Il-Kantra

This site is located inside the western entrance to an inlet called Mgarr ix-Xini. At the western side of the inlet a number of rare fish can be seen, such as the flying gurnard, the red gurnard, the star-gazer and if luck the John Dory. Other species include seabream, scorpionfish, small octopus and large cuttlefish. There are also two caves. On entering the caves one can see anemones and even some shrimps hidden amongst the walls. The seabed away from the cliff face is of coarse sand, with occasional seagrass, above which rarer fish are found.  Maximum depth - 14 metres.

Cominotto Reef, Gozo

Cominotto is a smaller island off the north-west corner of Comino. Northwest of Cominotto is an underwater reef. This is a boat dive with good anchorage. The average depth is of 18 metres and the maximum depth is 36 metres. During the dive one comes across massive boulders with interesting holes and caverns, where creatures such as burrowing anemones and peacock worms hide. There is also an abundance of tube worms, soft corals and red sponge, which add colour to these shaded areas.  Maximum depth - 36 metres.

Lantern Point, Comino

This dive is a boat dive and starts from a shallow rocky shelf at 6 metres, where the boat usually anchors. Above the entrance to a 'chimney', an almost vertical tunnel, drops down to 16 metres. The tunnel is wide enough for divers to manoeuvre without touching the sides with fireworms. Outside the tunnel and slightly to the right, divers can enjoy a maze of swimthroughs, underneath the massive rock, where starfish can be seen. Behind the large rock, there are boulders, giving way to a gentle slope at about 50 metres. Nooks and crannies close to the seabed are home for large groupers and the occasional dentex.  Maximum depth - 50 metres.

Billinghurst Cave

Billingshurst Cave is found to the west of Reqqa Point in the Northern part of Gozo. The top of the cave entrance is just above the surface and the bottom is at 27 meters. A long tunnel called The Railway Tunnel, leads to another cave deep inside the rock where divers can surface. Entry is from Reqqa Point. Immediately inside the cave there are plenty of red sponges, soft corals, cardinalfish and other types of marine life. On the way back, the sight of the blue open water with the sun shining through from the outer reef, is breathtaking and perfect for silhouette photographs.  Maximum depth - 30 metres.

Billinghurst Cave